Ewolucja adaptatywna genomów drożdży z grupy Saccharomyces cerevisiae sensu stricto
1. Wstęp. 2. Historia badań. 3. Występowanie winorośli i drożdży 4. Różnicowanie drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5. Wyodrębnianie gatunków w grupie Saccharomyces sensu stricto. 6. Budowa hybrydowa. 6.1. Drożdże piwowarskie lager. 6.2. Drożdże piwowarskie ale. 6.3. Drożdże winiarskie. 6.4. Drożdże do produkcji cydru. 7. Zmiany w budowie genomu. 7.1. Duże rearanżacje chromosomalne. 7.2. Zmienna liczby kopii genów. 7.3. Polimorfizm sekwencji. 7.4. Transfer DNA. Introgresje. 7.5. Sekwencje powtórzone. 8. Pangenom drożdży Saccharomyces sensu stricto. Różnorodność szczepów w obrębie grupy. 9. Modele ewolucji u drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract: Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts includes important strains for many biotechnological procesess, specially in wine and brewery fermentation. Their plasticity and adaptation to different industrial niches may be result of complex genomic construction, polyploidy, chromosomal rearragements, DNA transfer, SNP occurrence. “Mixed” genetic lines known as hybrids, have more adaptation “abilities” than “pure” lines. Genomic datas from the first strain yeast S288c, sequencing in 1996, and from many others sequencing strains from different origins and applications was obtained. Adaptative evolution of industrial yeast using different molecular tools became as important area to research in last few years.
1. Introduction. 2. History of investigation. 3. Biogeography of grape and yeasts. 4. Differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. 5. Identification of yeasts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae group. 6. Hybrids. 6.1. Lager brewers yeasts. 6.2. Ale brewers yeasts. 6.3. Wine yeasts. 6.4. Cidr yeasts. 7. Changes in genome construction. 7.1. Gross chromosomal rearagements. 7.2. Variable number of gene copies 7.3. Sequence polymorphism. 7.4. DNA transfer. Introgressions. 7.5. Repeated sequences. 8. Pangenom of Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts. Biodiversity of strains in this group. 9. Evolution models in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts
