Browsing tag: horyzontalny transfer genów

Plastyczność bakteryjnych genomów – wewnątrzkomórkowy transfer genów

Bacterial genome plasticity – intracellular transfer of genetic information
U. Kasprzykowska, B. M. Sobieszczańska

1. Wstęp. 2. Mobilne elementy genetyczne. 3. Sekwencje insercyjne i transpozony. 4. Integrony i kasety genowe. 5. Integracyjne elementy koniugacyjne/integrony koniugacyjne. 6. Wyspy patogenności. 7. Podsumowanie

Abstract: Bacterial genomes constantly evolve upon selective pressure of an environmental factors. Mechanisms that play a role in the genome plasticity include mutations, DNA rearrangements and horizontal gene transfer. Mobile genetic elements are potent agents of bacterial evolution as they exhibit intracellular and intercellular mobility. They may be excluded from one locus and integrated elsewhere in the chromosome. Before integration some acquired genetic elements undergo replicative transposition or are transferred horizontally by transduction, natural transformation or conjugative transfer. In this review, we described the various mobile genetic elements that have an impact on bacterial genome plasticity and microbial evolution with a focus on their intracellular mobility.

1. Introduction. 2. Mobile genetic elements. 3. Insertion sequences and transposons. 4. Integrons and gene cassettes. 5. Integrative and conjugative elements. 6. Pathogenicity associated islands. 7. Summary

Integrony bakterii Gram-dodatnich

Integrons in Gram-positive bacteria
B. Łabiszak, R. Koczura

1. Wprowadzenie. 2. Charakterystyka integronów. 3. Integrony bakterii Gram-dodatnich. 3.1. Integrony Corynebacterium spp. 3.2. Integrony Enterococcus spp. 3.3. Integrony Staphylococcus spp. 3.4. Integrony Streptococcus spp. 3.5. Integrony innych gatunków bakterii Gram-dodatnich. 4. Podsumowanie

Abstract: Integrons are genetic platforms responsible for integration, rearrangement and expression of resistance determinants called gene cassettes. Most of the reports on the occurrence, characteristics and evolution of integrons concern Gram-negative bacteria, whereas relatively little is known on the distribution and role of integrons in Gram-positive microorganisms. The aim of this review is to summarize the information about the occurrence of integrons in Gram-positive bacteria and their role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

1. Introduction. 2. Integron characteristics. 3. Integrons in Gram-positive bacteria. 3.1. Integrons in Corynebacterium spp. 3.2. Integrons in Enterococcus spp. 3.3. Integrons in Staphylococcus spp. 3.4. Integrons in Streptococcus spp. 3.5. Integrons in other Gram-positive species. 4. Summary