Browsing tag: antybiotykooporność

Molekularne podstawy bakteryjnej oporności na ampicylinę

Molecular basis of bacterial resistance to ampicillin
K. Bondarczuk, S. Sułowicz, Z. Piotrowska-Seget

1. Wstęp. 2. Mechanizm działania ampicyliny. 3. Inaktywacja ampicyliny przez β-laktamazy. 4. Obniżenie powinowactwa białek PBP do antybiotyków β-laktamowych. 5. Aktywny eksport ampicyliny przez białka należące do systemu efflux. 6. Ograniczenie przepuszczalności osłon komórkowych. 7. Podsumowanie

Abstract: β-lactam antibiotics are regularly used in medicine to control bacterial infections. However the overuse of these compounds in many human activities has led to dissemination of resistance determinants among pathogenic strains. Several mechanisms underlining β-lactam resistance, e.g. enzymatic inactivation, PBP modification, active efflux, and finally the reduction of cell wall permeability have been identified. Understanding of such mechanisms is the first step to overcome the resistance. Ampicillin was one of the first broad-spectrum amino penicillins introduced to therapy. Nowadays, five decades after the introduction of the antibiotic, ampicillin-resistant microbes are isolated all over the world. Current knowledge about the mechanisms involved in ampicillin resistance is presented in this review.

1. Introduction. 2. Ampicillin mode of action. 3. Inactivation of ampicillin by β-lactamases. 4. Changes in the affinity of PBP to β-lactams. 5. Efflux system-mediated resistance to ampicillin. 6. Reduction in cell envelope permeability. 7. Conclusions

Bacteroides spp. – znaczenie kliniczne, lekooporność i metody jej oznaczania

Bacteroides spp. – clinical significance, antibiotic resistance and identification methods
S. Niestępski, M. Harnisz E. Korzeniewska, A. Osińska, B. Dziuba

1. Wstęp. 2. Systematyka bakterii z rodzaju Bacteroides. 3. Znaczenie kliniczne Bacteroides spp. 4. Oporność na leki u Bacteroides spp.
4.1. Bakterie z rodzaju Bacteroides jako rezerwuar determinantów oporności. 4.2. Oporność na środki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe. 5. Metody określania lekowrażliwości. 6. Podsumowanie

Abstract: Anaerobic Bacteroides species are dominant microbiota of the digestive tract of mammals. Along with other symbiotic bacteria located in the gastrointestinal tract, they contribute to the proper functioning of the organism. Some Bacteroides species are highly pathogenic. Virulence of these bacteria is related to their polysaccharide capsule, lipopolysaccharide and a variety of enzymes and enterotoxin. In recent years, an increase of antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides spp. has been noted, therefore the changes to the antibiotic resistance patterns in these bacteria should be monitored. This study summarizes the current knowledge about the bacteria of Bacteroides species.

1. Introduction. 2. Taxonomy of Bacteroides species. 3. Clinical significance of Bacteroides spp. 4. Antibiotic resistance. 4.1. Bacteroides species as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants. 4.2. Antimicrobial resistance. 5. Methods of drug resistance determination. 6. Summary